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1.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 29(supl.1): 14-19, Nov. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211668

RESUMO

El cannabis tiene el potencial de modular algunos de los síntomas más prevalentes en el cáncer, ya sean derivados del propio tumor o de los tratamientos antitumorales. Sin embargo, la escasez de evidencia científica sobre su eficacia y el estigma histórico ocasiona un problema para que los profesionales médicos puedan elegirlo como una opción terapéutica para sus pacientes. Esta revisión refleja la influencia del cannabis medicinal en los síntomas más prevalentes y debilitantes en cáncer, incluyendo el dolor, las náuseas y los vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia, la neuropatía periférica inducida por quimioterapia, y la anorexia y la pérdida de apetito. Asimismo, se repasa la evidencia actual del cannabis como agente anticanceroso.(AU)


Cannabis has the potential to modulate some of the most common symptoms of cancer, either from the tumour itself or from its treatments. However, the paucity of scientific evidence for its effectiveness and the historical stigma causes a problem to clinicians for choosing it as a therapeutic option for their patients. This review reflects the influence of medical cannabis on the most common and debilitating symptoms in cancer, including pain, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, and anorexia and loss of appetite. Additionaly we do a review of the medical cannabis as an anticancer agent.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Dor do Câncer , Neoplasias , Cannabis , Canabinoides , Dronabinol , Náusea , Anorexia , Vômito , Canabidiol , Dor , Dor Crônica , Manejo da Dor , Tratamento Farmacológico
2.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 22(3): 126-133, mayo-jun. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-137063

RESUMO

Los especialistas en dolor crónico nos enfrentamos habitualmente a situaciones en las que los pacientes que van a ser sometidos a procedimientos intervencionistas están bajo tratamiento antiagregante o anticoagulante. Las complicaciones hemorrágicas pueden ser catastróficas cuando se trata de bloqueos profundos y técnicas dentro del canal espinal. Sin embargo, el riesgo de eventos tromboembólicos aumenta con la suspensión inadecuada de los fármacos antiagregantes y anticoagulantes en estos pacientes. A día de hoy no existen unos algoritmos o recomendaciones actualizadas para el manejo de estos pacientes en el área de dolor crónico. El objetivo de este documento es ofrecer unas recomendaciones de seguridad sobre el manejo de estos fármacos según el tipo de intervención y el tipo de paciente, con el objetivo de minimizar el riesgo de complicaciones hemorrágicas sin aumentar el riesgo de eventos tromboembólicos. Para ello, se han revisado las últimas publicaciones sobre el manejo fármacos que alteran la hemostasia en anestesia regional y otras técnicas de dolor crónico, incluyendo diferentes guías de manejo perioperatorio (ASRA, ESA, SEDAR...). Existe buena evidencia en el incremento del riesgo de eventos tromboembólicos en pacientes que suspenden la terapia antiagregante, y que este riesgo es mayor que el de la incidencia de hematomas epidurales en pacientes que continúan con el tratamiento, si bien ambos riesgos son significativos. Así mismo, existe buena evidencia de la incidencia de hematomas pidurales espontáneos asociados o no a punción traumática, en pacientes con o sin terapia antitrombótica. Estos hematomas epidurales espontáneos están asociados a factores favorecedores como la manipulación excesiva, el uso de agujas de mayor calibre, el uso de catéteres, los procedimientos sobre el canal cervical, la edad avanzada, y las anormalidades vasculares y anatómicas del paciente. Hay una tendencia menos conservadora hacia los intervalos de interrupción de los fármacos antiagregantes en pacientes de alto riesgo (Aspirina® 3 días, clopidogrel 5 días), si bien el manejo de heparinas y anticoagulantes orales clásicos prácticamente no ha cambiado. Recientemente han surgido nuevos anticoagulantes orales no contemplados en muchas de estas guías (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) con mayor perfil de seguridad que el Sintrom®, habitualmente sin necesidad de terapia puente con heparinas tras la suspensión del fármaco. El inconveniente es que existe escasa documentación en la literatura sobre su manejo perioperatorio, por lo que su suspensión se basa actualmente en sus características farmacocinéticas y farmacodinámicas estrictas (2 días, siendo mayor si existe insuficiencia renal) (AU)


Interventional pain physicians usually face situations were, the patients that are going to be under an interventional procedure, are undergoing an antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. Bleeding complications can be catastrophic when we talk about deep blocks and interventions into the spinal canal. However, the risk of thromboembolic events increases with the improper discontinuation of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs in those patients. Nowadays, there are no algorithms or updated recommendations on the handling of those patients in the chronic pain area. The goal of this article is to offer some recommendations on how to use, in a safety way, those drugs depending on the type of intervention and patient, with the objective of minimizing the risk of bleeding complications without increasing the risk of thromboembolic events. To do this, the latest news on the use of drugs which alters the hemostasis in regional anesthesia and other chronic pain technics had been reviewed, including different guides on the perioperative management (ASRA, ESA, SEDAR, etc.). There is fair evidence that the risk of thromboembolic phenomenon increases on those patients whom discontinues their antiplatelet therapy, and that this risk is even higher than the risk of epidural hematomas on those patients whom continues with their treatment, even though both risks are significant. There is also good evidence of the incidence of spontaneous epidural hematomas, associated or not to a traumatic puncture, in patients with or without an antithrombotic therapy. Those spontaneous epidural hematomas are more likely associated to favorable factors such as: Excessive manipulation, the use of larger gauge needles, the use of catheters, procedures into the cervical spinal canal, elderly patients, and vascular and anatomical abnormalities of the patient. There is a less conservative tendency about intervals of discontinuation of antiplatelet drugs in high risk patients (3 days for Aspirin®, 5 days for clopidogrel), while the use of heparin and classic oral anticoagulants practically has not changed. Recently, new oral anticoagulants, not included in most of these guides, have appeared (dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban) with a higher security profile than Sintrom®, usually without the need of heparin bridging therapy after discontinuation of the drug. The inconvenience is that there is limited evidence about its perioperative use. That is why it ́s suspension is actually based on its strict pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics characteristics (2 days, being higher if there exists a decline in renal function) (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/metabolismo , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Dor Crônica/terapia , Hemorragia/complicações , Hemorragia/terapia , Algoritmos , Hemostasia , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico
3.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 60(3): 170-173, mar. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-110792

RESUMO

La fascitis necrotizante es una infección grave que cursa con necrosis de los tejidos y afectación sistémica, con un curso rápido y desenlace fatal. Aunque es una entidad poco frecuente debe ser sospechada y tratada con celeridad, porque de ello depende el pronóstico. El tratamiento se basa en la actuación quirúrgica inmediata, antibioterapia de amplio espectro y medidas de soporte en una unidad de cuidados críticos. Presentamos el caso de una paciente que ingresó en reanimación tras desbridamiento quirúrgico por sospecha de fascitis necrotizante y que presentaba además una inmunodeficiencia común variable o hipogammaglobulinemia caracterizada por un déficit de linfocitos B y tratamiento con metotrexato por enfermedad de Crohn. Ambas producían déficit inmunológico. Tras 11 días de tratamiento pudo ser dada de alta con mejoría clínica, analítica y hemodinámica(AU)


Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe infection that leads to necrosis of the tissues and systemic involvement, with a rapid progress and a fatal outcome. Although this condition is rare, it must be suspected and rapidly treated, as the prognosis depends on this. The treatment is based on immediate surgery, wide spectrum antibiotic treatment, and support measures in a critical care unit. We present the case of a patient who was admitted to Recovery room after surgical debridement due to suspicion of fasciitis. The patient also had a common variable immunodeficiency or hypogammaglobulinaemia, characterised by a B lymphocyte deficiency, as well as on treatment with methotrexate for Crohn's disease. Both produced an immune deficiency. After 11 days of treatment there was a clinical, analytical and haemodynamic improvement, and she was discharged(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fasciite Necrosante/complicações , Fasciite Necrosante/diagnóstico , Fasciite Necrosante/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/metabolismo , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Terapia de Imunossupressão/instrumentação , Terapia de Imunossupressão/métodos , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Cuidados Críticos
4.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 60(3): 170-3, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22575775

RESUMO

Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe infection that leads to necrosis of the tissues and systemic involvement, with a rapid progress and a fatal outcome. Although this condition is rare, it must be suspected and rapidly treated, as the prognosis depends on this. The treatment is based on immediate surgery, wide spectrum antibiotic treatment, and support measures in a critical care unit. We present the case of a patient who was admitted to Recovery room after surgical debridement due to suspicion of fasciitis. The patient also had a common variable immunodeficiency or hypogammaglobulinaemia, characterised by a B lymphocyte deficiency, as well as on treatment with methotrexate for Crohn's disease. Both produced an immune deficiency. After 11 days of treatment there was a clinical, analytical and haemodynamic improvement, and she was discharged.


Assuntos
Imunodeficiência de Variável Comum/complicações , Fasciite Necrosante/etiologia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos
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